Citing a thesis or dissertation in APA 7th edition style requires the following elements:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of thesis or dissertation [Type of document, Name of Institution]. Database Name or Archive. DOI or URL
Example 1 (Published dissertation): Doe, J. (2023). Exploring the impact of AI on society [Doctoral dissertation, Tech University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. https://www.proquest.com/docview/1234567890
Example 2 (Unpublished master's thesis): Smith, A. (2021). The role of social media in modern communication [Master's thesis, Communication University]. University Archive. http://www.communicationuniversity.edu/archive/smith2021thesis.pdf
Example 3 (Dissertation with DOI): Johnson, R. (2022). Climate change effects on marine ecosystems [Doctoral dissertation, Ocean Science Institute]. https://doi.org/10.1234/johnson2022dissertation
Example 4 (Thesis in a language other than English): García, M. (2020). La influencia de la tecnología en la educación moderna [The influence of technology on modern education] [Master's thesis, Universidad de Madrid]. Repositorio Institucional. http://hdl.handle.net/10486/123456
Example 5 (Dissertation from an institutional repository): Lee, S. (2023). Artificial intelligence in healthcare: Ethical considerations [Doctoral dissertation, Health Sciences University]. HSU Digital Commons. https://digitalcommons.hsu.edu/dissertations/2023/lee
Italicize the title of the thesis or dissertation.
Include the type of document and institution name in square brackets after the title.
If the thesis or dissertation is published, include the database name or archive.
Provide a DOI if available; otherwise, use a URL.
For unpublished theses or dissertations, include the name of the institution's archive or repository.
For works in a language other than English, provide an English translation of the title in square brackets after the original title.
Q: How do I cite a thesis or dissertation with multiple authors?
A: List all authors in the order they appear on the title page, using the same format as for multiple authors in a book or article citation.
Q: What if I can't find a DOI or URL for the thesis or dissertation?
A: If no DOI or URL is available, end the reference after the name of the database or archive.
Q: How do I format in-text citations for theses or dissertations?
A: Use the author's last name and year: (Doe, 2023). For direct quotes, include a page number if available: (Smith, 2021, p. 45).
Q: Should I indicate if I'm citing a master's thesis or a doctoral dissertation?
A: Yes, specify whether it's a master's thesis or doctoral dissertation in square brackets after the title.
Q: How do I cite a thesis or dissertation that I accessed in person at a university library?
A: Cite it as an unpublished thesis or dissertation, including the name of the institution but omitting the database or URL.
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